In chapter 14, von Hippel argues that F/OSS offers extraordinary examples of the power of user innovation, independent of any manufacturing firm. He contends that markets characterized by user innovation “have a great advantage over the manufacturer-centered innovation development systems that have been the mainstay of commerce for hundreds of years” and discusses, convincingly, the parallels between the F/OSS communities and sporting communities also characterized by user innovation. Krishnamurthy (chapter 15) discusses a series of business models that have emerged in relationship to F/OSS. He articulates the relationships that exist between producers, distributors, third parties, and consumers, and examines the impact of different licensing structures on these relationships.